ISO week

I am working with a model that produces estimates of snow water equivalent through time. Because I deal with large spatial extents, I decided to have the model produce weekly averages. The problem with this is knowing which file to access for a given date. The snow files are saved using an ISO-8061 week number (I had no idea how many date "standards" there were, but this is a common one). I thought that getting the week number out of a date format in R would be easy, but I was wrong. It turns out to be platform specific and regardless, as far as I could tell, there is no built-in way to calculate the ISO week. Thus the following function.

ISOweek<-function(date,format="%Y-%m-%d",return.val="weekofyear"){
  ##converts dates into "dayofyear" or "weekofyear", the latter providing the ISO-8601 week
  ##date should be a vector of class Date or a vector of formatted character strings
  ##format refers to the date form used if a vector of
  ##  character strings  is supplied
  
  ##convert date to POSIXt format 
  if(class(date)[1]%in%c("Date","character")){
    date=as.POSIXlt(date,format=format)
  }
  if(class(date)[1]!="POSIXt"){
    print("Date is of wrong format.")
    break
  }else if(class(date)[2]=="POSIXct"){
  date=as.POSIXlt(date)
}


  if(return.val=="dayofyear"){
    ##add 1 because POSIXt is base zero
    return(date$yday+1)
  }else if(return.val=="weekofyear"){
    ##Based on the ISO8601 weekdate system,
    ## Monday is the first day of the week
    ## W01 is the week with 4 Jan in it.
    year=1900+date$year
    jan4=strptime(paste(year,1,4,sep="-"),format="%Y-%m-%d")
    wday=jan4$wday
    
    wday[wday==0]=7  ##convert to base 1, where Monday == 1, Sunday==7
    
    ##calculate the date of the first week of the year
    weekstart=jan4-(wday-1)*86400  
    weeknum=ceiling(as.numeric((difftime(date,weekstart,units="days")+0.1)/7))

    #########################################################################
    ##calculate week for days of the year occuring in the next year's week 1.
    #########################################################################
    mday=date$mday
    wday=date$wday
    wday[wday==0]=7
    year=ifelse(weeknum==53 & mday-wday>=28,year+1,year)
    weeknum=ifelse(weeknum==53 & mday-wday>=28,1,weeknum)
  
    ################################################################
    ##calculate week for days of the year occuring prior to week 1.
    ################################################################
    
    ##first calculate the numbe of weeks in the previous year
    year.shift=year-1
    jan4.shift=strptime(paste(year.shift,1,4,sep="-"),format="%Y-%m-%d")
    wday=jan4.shift$wday
    wday[wday==0]=7  ##convert to base 1, where Monday == 1, Sunday==7
    weekstart=jan4.shift-(wday-1)*86400
    weeknum.shift=ceiling(as.numeric((difftime(date,weekstart)+0.1)/7))

    ##update year and week
    year=ifelse(weeknum==0,year.shift,year)
    weeknum=ifelse(weeknum==0,weeknum.shift,weeknum)
    
    return(list("year"=year,"weeknum"=weeknum))
  }else{
    print("Unknown return.val")
    break
  }
}

Of course after I wrote this function, I found this thread in R-help. Gustaf Rydevik provided a function that is similar to mine (his function is also about twice as fast); however, on my computer it was giving incorrect years and week numbers for days in January that occur in the previous year's final week (e.g., 1 January 2010 should be week 53 of 2009). Reading through the rest of the thread indicates that the confusion involving week numbers is widespread. I guess the moral of the story is pick a standard and stick to it.

Please let me know in the comments if you encounter any problems running this function (or if you can suggest ways to make it more efficient).

Leap years

A quick function that when provided a numeric vector of years returns a boolean vector where TRUE == Leap year.

is.leapyear=function(year){
  #http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leap_year
  return(((year %% 4 == 0) & (year %% 100 != 0)) | (year %% 400 == 0))
}